III.3.2 The New Majority Formula
The rules on qualified majority, as the increasingly important decision making procedure in the Council, proved particularly contentious. This IGC has expanded the opportunities for majority decisions by 12 new cases, as compared to the present regulations [Graphic].
Apart from a few domains - such as Justice and Home Affairs - these extensions primarily concern the executive procedures in existing policy fields, which will include decision making in the structural and cohesion funds. There were, however, intensive negotiations on issues declared central to the sovereignty of single states: foreign and defence policy (Art. I-40 (7) TCE) as well as social and tax policy (Art. III-210 (3) TCE), but also the basic decision on the "multi-annual financial framework" (Art. I-55 TCE) will remain subject to unanimity voting.
On the conditions for qualified majority, which became a matter of might and prestige, (Art. I-25 TCE) the heads of government themselves needed to seek compromise. Consensus was finally reached through an increase in complexity. With the more reasonable system of a "double majority", we can expect higher efficiency than is currently the case under the Nice Treaty; the raising of hurdles and further procedural additions have rendered the new regulations more difficult to understand and cumbersome as compared to the much clearer proposals of the Convention.